CA Social Studies Standards (Grade 7)

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📌 World History and Geography: Medieval and Early Modern Times 61 standards

7.1.1

Study Rome's strengths and internal weaknesses

Study the early strengths and lasting contributions of Rome (e.g., significance of Roman citizenship; rights under Roman law; Roman art, architecture, engineering, and philosophy; preservation and transmission of Christianity) and its ultimate internal weaknesses (e.g., rise of autonomous military powers within the empire, undermining of citizenship by the growth of corruption and slavery, lack of education, and distribution of news).

7.1.2

Discuss the empire's borders and threats to cohesion

Discuss the geographic borders of the empire at its height and the factors that threatened its territorial cohesion.

7.1.3

Describe Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire

Describe the establishment by Constantine of the new capital in Constantinople and the development of the Byzantine Empire, with an emphasis on the consequences of the development of two distinct European civilizations, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic, and their two distinct views on church-state relations.

7.2.1

Identify physical features of the Arabian peninsula

Identify the physical features and describe the climate of the Arabian peninsula, its relationship to surrounding bodies of land and water, and nomadic and sedentary ways of life.

7.2.2

Trace origins of Islam and teachings of Muhammad

Trace the origins of Islam and the life and teachings of Muhammad, including Islamic teachings on the connection with Judaism and Christianity.

7.2.3

Explain significance of the Qur'an and Sunnah

Explain the significance of the Qur'an and the Sunnah as the primary sources of Islamic beliefs, practice, and law, and their influence in Muslims' daily life.

7.2.4

Discuss expansion of Muslim rule

Discuss the expansion of Muslim rule through military conquests and treaties, emphasizing the cultural blending within Muslim civilization and the spread and acceptance of Islam and the Arabic language.

7.2.5

Describe growth of cities and trade routes

Describe the growth of cities and the establishment of trade routes among Asia, Africa, and Europe, the products and inventions that traveled along these routes (e.g., spices, textiles, paper, steel, new crops), and the role of merchants in Arab society.

7.2.6

Understand contributions of Muslim scholars

Understand the intellectual exchanges among Muslim scholars of Eurasia and Africa and the contributions Muslim scholars made to later civilizations in the areas of science, geography, mathematics, philosophy, medicine, art, and literature.

7.3.1

Describe reunification under the Tang Dynasty

Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the spread of Buddhism in Tang China, Korea, and Japan.

7.3.2

Describe developments during the Tang and Sung periods

Describe agricultural, technological, and commercial developments during the Tang and Sung periods.

7.3.3

Analyze Confucianism during the Sung and Mongol periods

Analyze the influences of Confucianism and changes in Confucian thought during the Sung and Mongol periods.

7.3.4

Understand trade and expeditions in Mongol/Ming eras

Understand the importance of both overland trade and maritime expeditions between China and other civilizations in the Mongol Ascendancy and Ming Dynasty.

7.3.5

Trace influence of Chinese discoveries

Trace the historic influence of such discoveries as tea, the manufacture of paper, woodblock printing, the compass, and gunpowder.

7.3.6

Describe development of the scholar-official class

Describe the development of the imperial state and the scholar-official class.

7.4.1

Study the Niger River and growth of Ghana and Mali

Study the Niger River and the relationship of vegetation zones of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold, salt, food, and slaves; and the growth of the Ghana and Mali empires.

7.4.2

Analyze development of states and cities in West Africa

Analyze the importance of family, labor specialization, and regional commerce in the development of states and cities in West Africa.

7.4.3

Describe the trans-Saharan caravan trade

Describe the role of the trans-Saharan caravan trade in the changing religious and cultural characteristics of West Africa and the influence of Islamic beliefs, ethics, and law.

7.4.4

Trace growth of Arabic language in West Africa

Trace the growth of the Arabic language in government, trade, and Islamic scholarship in West Africa.

7.4.5

Describe written and oral traditions in Africa

Describe the importance of written and oral traditions in the transmission of African history and culture.

7.5.1

Describe influence of China and Korea on Japan

Describe the significance of Japan's proximity to China and Korea and the intellectual, linguistic, religious, and philosophical influence of those countries on Japan.

7.5.2

Discuss the reign of Prince Shotoku

Discuss the reign of Prince Shotoku of Japan and the characteristics of Japanese society and family life during his reign.

7.5.3

Describe the shogun-daimyo-samurai system

Describe the values, social customs, and traditions prescribed by the lord-vassal system consisting of shogun, daimyo, and samurai and the lasting influence of the warrior code in the twentieth century.

7.5.4

Trace development of Japanese Buddhism

Trace the development of distinctive forms of Japanese Buddhism.

7.5.5

Study Japan's golden age of literature and art

Study the ninth and tenth centuries' golden age of literature, art, and drama and its lasting effects on culture today, including Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji.

7.5.6

Analyze rise of Japan's military society

Analyze the rise of a military society in the late twelfth century and the role of the samurai in that society.

7.6.1

Study geography of Medieval Europe

Study the geography of the Europe and the Eurasian land mass, including its location, topography, waterways, vegetation, and climate and their relationship to ways of life in Medieval Europe.

7.6.2

Describe spread of Christianity north of the Alps

Describe the spread of Christianity north of the Alps and the roles played by the early church and by monasteries in its diffusion after the fall of the western half of the Roman Empire.

7.6.3

Understand development of feudalism

Understand the development of feudalism, its role in the medieval European economy, the way in which it was influenced by physical geography (the role of the manor and the growth of towns), and how feudal relationships provided the foundation of political order.

7.6.4

Understand conflict between Papacy and monarchs

Demonstrate an understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs (e.g., Charlemagne, Gregory VII, Emperor Henry IV).

7.6.5

Know significance of medieval English legal practices

Know the significance of developments in medieval English legal and constitutional practices and their importance in the rise of modern democratic thought and representative institutions (e.g., Magna Carta, parliament, development of habeas corpus, an independent judiciary in England).

7.6.6

Discuss causes and effects of the Crusades

Discuss the causes and course of the religious Crusades and their effects on the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish populations in Europe, with emphasis on the increasing contact by Europeans with cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean world.

7.6.7

Map the spread of the bubonic plague

Map the spread of the bubonic plague from Central Asia to China, the Middle East, and Europe and describe its impact on global population.

7.6.8

Understand the Catholic church as an institution

Understand the importance of the Catholic church as a political, intellectual, and aesthetic institution (e.g., founding of universities, political and spiritual roles of the clergy, creation of monastic and mendicant religious orders, preservation of the Latin language and religious texts, St. Thomas Aquinas's synthesis of classical philosophy with Christian theology, and the concept of "natural law").

7.6.9

Know history of the Reconquista

Know the history of the decline of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula that culminated in the Reconquista and the rise of Spanish and Portuguese kingdoms.

7.7.1

Study locations and climates of Meso-America

Study the locations, landforms, and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America and their effects on Mayan, Aztec, and Incan economies, trade, and development of urban societies.

7.7.2

Study roles of people in Meso-American societies

Study the roles of people in each society, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

7.7.3

Explain rise and defeat of the Aztec and Incan empires

Explain how and where each empire arose and how the Aztec and Incan empires were defeated by the Spanish.

7.7.4

Describe artistic traditions and architecture

Describe the artistic and oral traditions and architecture in the three civilizations.

7.7.5

Describe Meso-American achievements in astronomy

Describe the Meso-American achievements in astronomy and mathematics, including the development of the calendar and the Meso-American knowledge of seasonal changes to the civilizations' agricultural systems.

7.8.1

Describe revival of classical learning and humanism

Describe the way in which the revival of classical learning and the arts fostered a new interest in humanism (i.e., a balance between intellect and religious faith).

7.8.2

Explain importance of Florence and trading cities

Explain the importance of Florence in the early stages of the Renaissance and the growth of independent trading cities (e.g., Venice), with emphasis on the cities' importance in the spread of Renaissance ideas.

7.8.3

Understand effects of the reopened Silk Road

Understand the effects of the reopening of the ancient "Silk Road" between Europe and China, including Marco Polo's travels and the location of his routes.

7.8.4

Describe growth of new ways of disseminating information

Describe the growth and effects of new ways of disseminating information (e.g., the ability to manufacture paper, translation of the Bible into the vernacular, printing).

7.8.5

Detail Renaissance advances in arts and science

Detail advances made in literature, the arts, science, mathematics, cartography, engineering, and the understanding of human anatomy and astronomy (e.g., by Dante Alighieri, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo di Buonarroti Simoni, Johann Gutenberg, William Shakespeare).

7.9.1

List causes for weakening of the Catholic church

List the causes for the internal turmoil in and weakening of the Catholic church (e.g., tax policies, selling of indulgences).

7.9.2

Describe ideas of major Reformation figures

Describe the theological, political, and economic ideas of the major figures during the Reformation (e.g., Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, William Tyndale).

7.9.3

Explain Protestants' new practices of self-government

Explain Protestants' new practices of church self-government and the influence of those practices on the development of democratic practices and ideas of federalism.

7.9.4

Identify Catholic and Protestant European regions

Identify and locate the European regions that remained Catholic and those that became Protestant and explain how the division affected the distribution of religions in the New World.

7.9.5

Analyze the Counter-Reformation

Analyze how the Counter-Reformation revitalized the Catholic church and the forces that fostered the movement (e.g., St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits, the Council of Trent).

7.9.6

Understand impact of missionaries on Christianity

Understand the institution and impact of missionaries on Christianity and the diffusion of Christianity from Europe to other parts of the world in the medieval and early modern periods; locate missions on a world map.

7.9.7

Describe the Golden Age of cooperation in medieval Spain

Describe the Golden Age of cooperation between Jews and Muslims in medieval Spain that promoted creativity in art, literature, and science, including how that cooperation was terminated by the religious persecution of individuals and groups (e.g., the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492).

7.10.1

Discuss roots of the Scientific Revolution

Discuss the roots of the Scientific Revolution (e.g., Greek rationalism; Jewish, Christian, and Muslim science; Renaissance humanism; new knowledge from global exploration).

7.10.2

Understand significance of new scientific theories

Understand the significance of the new scientific theories (e.g., those of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton) and the significance of new inventions (e.g., the telescope, microscope, thermometer, barometer).

7.10.3

Understand the scientific method's influence

Understand the scientific method advanced by Bacon and Descartes, the influence of new scientific rationalism on the growth of democratic ideas, and the coexistence of science with traditional religious beliefs.

7.11.1

Know the great voyages of discovery

Know the great voyages of discovery, the locations of the routes, and the influence of cartography in the development of a new European worldview.

7.11.2

Discuss exchanges among continents in the 15th-16th centuries

Discuss the exchanges of plants, animals, technology, culture, and ideas among Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the major economic and social effects on each continent.

7.11.3

Examine origins of modern capitalism

Examine the origins of modern capitalism; the influence of mercantilism and cottage industry; the elements and importance of a market economy in seventeenth-century Europe; the changing international trading and marketing patterns, including their locations on a world map; and the influence of explorers and map makers.

7.11.4

Explain roots of Enlightenment ideas

Explain how the main ideas of the Enlightenment can be traced back to such movements as the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution and to the Greeks, Romans, and Christianity.

7.11.5

Describe Enlightenment thinkers' influence on democracy

Describe how democratic thought and institutions were influenced by Enlightenment thinkers (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, American founders).

7.11.6

Discuss Magna Carta's influence on later documents

Discuss how the principles in the Magna Carta were embodied in such documents as the English Bill of Rights and the American Declaration of Independence.